Randomised or quasi-randomised trials that evaluated interventions to prevent falls and injuries were included. Research questions clearly defined Definition of inclusion criteria for. Researchers undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of multifactorial assessment and intervention programmes in preventing falls and injuries among older people. Not every review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews contains a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a tool for quantitative systematic review of observational studies. d) If the authors used only quantitative data. c) If the authors appropriately combined studies so they did not compare apples and oranges. b) If the authors combined studies with conflicting results. This aims to provide a more precise estimate of the effects of an intervention and to reduce uncertainty. One potential design pitfall of Meta-Analyses that is important to pay attention to is: a) Whether it is evidence-based. Limitations: The combination and complexity of incorporating diverse methodologies can contribute to lack of rigor, inaccuracy, and bias, methods of analysis, synthesis, and conclusion-drawing remain poorly formulated, issues related to combining empirical and theoretical reports. Many Cochrane Reviews measure benefits and harms by collecting data from more than one trial, and combining them to generate an average result. When to use: To review experimental and non-experimental research simultaneously, to define concepts, to review theories, to review evidence/point out gaps in the literature, to analyze methodological issues. 2 Eight steps in conducting a metaanalysis 2.1 Step 1: dening the research question The rst step in conducting a meta-analysis, as with any other empirical study, is the denition of the research question. Well-done integrative reviews present the state of the science, contribute to theory development, and have direct applicability to practice and policy." Meta-analysis is an objective examination of published data from many studies of the same research topic identified through a literature search. Integrative reviews, thus, have the potential to build nursing science, informing research, practice, and policy initiatives. Typically, but not necessarily, the study is based on randomized, controlled clinical trials. Definition: "A review method that summarizes past empirical or theoretical literature to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon or healthcare problem (Broome 1993). Meta-analysis is a quantitative, formal, epidemiological study design used to systematically assess the results of previous research to derive conclusions about that body of research.
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